{"id":5877,"date":"2024-11-19T09:03:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T09:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/march\u00e9spublics.be\/index.php\/?p=5877"},"modified":"2024-11-19T09:03:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T09:03:22","slug":"arret-de-cassation-du-26-septembre-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/march\u00e9spublics.be\/index.php\/arret-de-cassation-du-26-septembre-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Arr\u00eat de cassation du 26 septembre 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><u>Responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019administration\u00a0: dans son arr\u00eat du 26 septembre 2024 de la Cour de cassation\u00a0juge que toute ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 commise par une autorit\u00e9s administrative ne constitue pas automatiquement une faute <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La Cour de cassation dans son arr\u00eat n\u00b0 C.24.0071.F du 26 septembre 2024, a rejet\u00e9 le pourvoi en cassation form\u00e9 par la SRL SEGA-BOIS contre l\u2019arr\u00eat rendu le 14 septembre 2023 par la cour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles. Le litige opposait la demanderesse et la Commune de Grez-Doiceau ainsi que son Bourgmestre concernant l&rsquo;application d&rsquo;un r\u00e8glement communal du 16 d\u00e9cembre 2014 sur la conservation de la nature, l\u2019abattage et la protection des arbres et des haies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les faits et les jugements :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En 2014, la commune de Grez-Doiceau adopte un r\u00e8glement imposant l\u2019obtention d\u2019un permis pr\u00e9alable pour l\u2019abattage d\u2019arbres sur son territoire. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, elle prend des d\u00e9cisions d\u2019arr\u00eat de travaux d\u2019abattage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la demanderesse. En 2015, elle \u00e9tablit un proc\u00e8s-verbal d\u2019infraction \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la SRL SEGA-BOIS. En 2018, la demanderesse demande l&rsquo;indemnisation du dommage qu\u2019elle a subi en raison des interruptions de travaux, contestant leur l\u00e9galit\u00e9. En 2020, le premier juge reconnait partiellement le fondement la demande de la SRL SEGA-BOIS pour certains chantiers, mais rejette la demande pour d\u2019autres parcelles litigieuses, jugeant que l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 communale n\u2019avait pas commis de faute en appliquant le r\u00e8glement. En 2023, le juge d\u2019appel suit le raisonnement du premier juge et ajoute que malgr\u00e9 le caract\u00e8re ill\u00e9gal du r\u00e8glement communal (il outrepassait l&rsquo;habilitation l\u00e9gale en r\u00e9glementant l&rsquo;exploitation foresti\u00e8re, ce qui est exclu par la loi du 12 juillet 1973 sur la conservation de la Nature), la commune n\u2019a commis aucune faute en appliquant ce r\u00e8glement car son ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas manifeste au moment des faits. L\u2019indemnisation du dommage n\u2019est donc pas accueillie.<\/p>\n<p>Selon la demanderesse, la commune en tant qu\u2019autorit\u00e9 administrative, a commis une faute en appliquant un r\u00e8glement ill\u00e9gal, violant ainsi les articles 1382 et 1383 de l&rsquo;ancien Code civil et l\u2019article 159 de la Constitution. En effet, c\u2019est sur base de ce r\u00e8glement que la commune a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de l\u2019arr\u00eat des travaux.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9cision de la Cour :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La Cour de cassation a confirm\u00e9 que la violation de toute norme l\u00e9gale ou r\u00e9glementaire ne constitue pas n\u00e9cessairement une faute de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 administrative. Il faut que la norme impose \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de s\u2019abstenir ou d\u2019agir d\u2019une mani\u00e8re d\u00e9termin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, la commune a appliqu\u00e9 un r\u00e8glement en vigueur dont l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas manifeste au moment de son application. Par cons\u00e9quent, la commune n\u2019a pas commis de faute en se basant sur ce r\u00e8glement, m\u00eame s&rsquo;il a \u00e9t\u00e9 par la suite jug\u00e9 ill\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En conclusion, la Cour de cassation rejette le pourvoi, soulignant que d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il est reproch\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 administrative d\u2019avoir appliqu\u00e9 un r\u00e8glement ill\u00e9gal, son comportement doit \u00eatre examin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aune de celui d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 normalement soigneuse et prudente plac\u00e9e dans les m\u00eames conditions et que, l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tant pas manifeste, le fait de se pr\u00e9valoir du r\u00e8glement ne constitue pas une faute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vous avez des questions sur cet arr\u00eat ou sur la responsabilit\u00e9 civile des administrations\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>Contactez Laurent Delmotte ou Bart Van Hyfte<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019administration\u00a0: dans son arr\u00eat du 26 septembre 2024 de la Cour de cassation\u00a0juge que toute ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 commise par une autorit\u00e9s administrative ne constitue pas automatiquement une faute La Cour de cassation dans son arr\u00eat n\u00b0 C.24.0071.F du 26 septembre 2024, a rejet\u00e9 le pourvoi en cassation form\u00e9 par la SRL SEGA-BOIS contre l\u2019arr\u00eat 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